Szukana fraza: [Abstract = "Distance\-based multilayer perceptrons \(D\-MLPs\) evaluate the similarity of inputs to weights offering a natural generalization of standard MLPs. A cluster\-based initialization procedure determining the architecture and values of all adaptive parameters is described. Networks implementing SBM methods are useful not only for classification and approximation, but also as associative memories, in problems requiring pattern completion, offering an efficient way to deal with missing values."]