@misc{Skobelski_Robert_(1968-_)_Nieudany, author={Skobelski, Robert (1968- )}, howpublished={online}, publisher={Zielona Góra: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego}, language={pol}, abstract={RWPG (translator`s note: the Polish abbreviation of the Council for Mutual EconomicAssistance; the English abbreviation: COMECON) was founded on January 8th, 1949 at the will ofJoseph Stalin and was an important element in strengthening domination of the Union of SovietSocialist Republics in Central and Eastern Europe. In the beginning, the organization was supposedfirst of all to solidify and support the Russian economic model in the subordinate countries thatwas based on rejecting market principles and on focusing on central planning and extensiveindustrialisation.}, abstract={Serving the interests of the Kreml in generally, COMECON throughout the whole period of its existence, facilitated the Kremlin?s control and influence on the shape of economic development of the countries within the so called "people?s democracy". The core of this system was a close political, economic and military cooperation of socialist countries with the Moscow centre along with significant limitations imposed on trading with capitalist countries (especially after 1956).}, abstract={RWPG bringing together centrally controlled countries, lacking free market mechanisms, andfurthermore with no earlier, broader traditions in mutual help, did not become either a free market zone, or a customs union, nor did it form a common market. Thus, a rational integration withinthe organization, viewed as the basis for ensuring for its members a harmonious and continuouseconomic growth, was not possible. On the contrary - RWPG strengthened all negative featuresdeveloped in economic systems of socialist countries (autarchy, bureaucracy, technological delay,etc.) and maintained its dependency on the Soviet Union. The fall of real socialism and dissolutionof the Eastern Block at the end of the eighties and in the beginning of the nineties last century meant an immediate dissolution of its basic structures, namely the Warsaw Pact and then the COMECON.}, abstract={As far as the latter is concerned, there were still ideas about transforming the organization andmaintaining its existence, but, obviously, in another form. In 1990 it was intended to elaborate new By-laws of the organization and then in the beginning of the following year it was discussed tochange the integration model to be based on partnership principle. At the same time Russians putforward an idea to transform RWPG into the International Organization of Mutual Assistance thatwould only serve as a consulting and not a decision making body and which would incorporateprinciples of a free market into its activities.}, abstract={However, the break up of RWPG was inevitable, and the process accelerated after January 1st, 1991 that marked the end of transactions in transfer rubles among the members of the group, which since then were not able to pay in dollars. In this way on June 28th, 1991, at the last session of the Council in Budapest, 9 RWPG members decided to end its activities, which was sealed by signing a special report.}, type={artykuł}, title={Nieudany eksperyment socjalistycznej integracji. Rada Wzajemnej Pomocy Gospodarczej w latach 1949-1991 = A failed Experiment of Social Integration. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the years 1949-1991}, keywords={RWPG (Rada Wzajemnej Pomocy Gospodarczej), centralne planowanie, gospodarka, integracja, autarkia, COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance), central planning, economy, integration, autarky}, }